Web Page with Author

Format:

Author(s) last name + initials. Publication date in parentheses. Title of page in sentence case italics. Title of website. URL. 

Example:

Cain, A. & Burris M. (1999, April 8). Investigation of the use of mobile phones while driving. Center for Urban Transport Research. https://www.cutr.usf.edu/oldpubs/mobile_phone.PDF

In-text citation:

(Cain & Burris, 1999)

Web Page with No Date (include access date instead)

Author(s) last name + initials. n.d. in parentheses. Title of page in sentence case italics. Title of website. URL.

Cain, A. & Burris M. (n.d.). Investigation of the use of mobile phones while driving. Center for Urban Transport Research. https://www.cutr.usf.edu/oldpubs/mobile_phone.PDF

The in-text citation: (Cain & Burris, n.d.)

Web Page with No Obvious Author

Format: 

Corporate Author or Website Publisher. (Date). Title of article in italics. URL. 

Example: 

Center for Urban Transport Research. (1999, April). Investigation of the use of mobile phones while driving.​ https://www.cutr.usf.edu/oldpubs/mobile_phone.PDF

In-text citation: 

(Center for Urban Transport Research, 1999)

If a website was created by an organization rather than named individual authors, use the organization name in place of authors at the beginning of the citation.

Journal Article or Newspaper Article from a Database (with DOI)

Format:

Author(s) last name + first initial. Date in parentheses. Title of journal/newspaper article in sentence case. Title of journal/newspaper in italics. Volume number in italics, issue number in parentheses, page number(s). DOI.

Example:

Jungwirth, D., & Haluza, D. (2023). Artificial intelligence and public health: An exploratory study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(4541), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054541

In-text citation (Author(s) last name, year): 

(Jungwirth & Haluza, 2023)

Journal Article or Newspaper Article from a Database (without DOI)

Format:

Author(s) last name + first initial. Date in parentheses. Title of journal/newspaper article in sentence case. Title of journal/newspaper in italics. Volume number in italics, issue number in parentheses, page number(s). 

Example:

Crappell, C. (2023). An interview with the smartest robot I know. The American Music Teacher, 72(5), 10-11.

Do not include a database URL in the citation.

In-text citation (Author(s) last name, year): 

(Crappell, 2023)

Online Videos (i.e., YouTube)

Format:

Author(s) Last Name + initial(s) [username - optional], Date Published in parentheses, Title of video in sentence case and italics [Video]. Website. URL

Example:

Pulitzer Center. (2007, March 6). In focus: American teens, Rwandan truths. [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=luTsQLH3vNQ

In-text citation (Author, Year): 

(Pulitzer Center, 2007)

NOTE:  No personal communication (such as a personal interview) is included in your reference list.  Instead, parenthetically cite the communicator's name, the phrase "personal communication," and the date of the communication in your main text only.

For example:

(E. Robbins, personal communication, January 4, 2001).

A.P. Smith also claimed that many of her students had difficulties with APA style (personal communication, November 3, 2002)

Book with one author

Format:

Author's last name comma initials. Publication year in parentheses. Book title in italics and edition in parentheses if exists. Publisher.

Example: 

O'Neil, S. K. (2013). Two nations indivisible: Mexico, the United States, and the road ahead (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.

In-text citation (Author's last name, year).

(O'Neil, 2013). 

Books with multiple authors or with editors

• Two authors: Last name, first initial. second initial. & Last name, first initial. second initial..
• Three to 21 authors: List authors by last name comma initials and separate names by commas until the last name, which should have a & before it instead of a comma.
• If the book has editor on the front instead of author, use Last name comma initials (Ed.).

Work in an anthology or collection

Format: 

Author's last name comma initials. Publication year in parentheses. Title of story/article/essay in sentence case. In Editor's initial + editor's last name (Ed.), Title of anthology or collection in italics pp page numbers in parentheses. Publisher. (Original work published year)

Example: 

Keller, H. (2008). I go adventuring. In P. Lopate (Ed.), Writing New York: A literary anthology (pp. 505-508). Library of America. (Original work published 1955)